[Cognitive impairment in children with organic asthenic disorder]. / Kognitivnye narusheniya u detei s organicheskim astenicheskim rasstroistvom.

OBJECTIVE: To study cognitive impairment and neurophysiological characteristics in children with organic asthenia, as well as the effectiveness of the drug Cogitum in the treatment of this pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The main study group included 40 children aged 8 to 10 years with a diagnosis of «Organic asthenic disorder¼ (F06.6). The control group consisted of 30 children aged 8 to 10 years without manifestations of asthenia. The following research methods were used in the work: the asthenic state scale (ASS) by L.D. Malkova to assess the severity of asthenic syndrome, the S. Lee «SCT¼ (sluggish cognitive tempo) scale to assess manifestations of low cognitive tempo, the «Random Access Memory¼ method to quantify working memory, the TOVA (The Test of Variables of Attention) computer test to quantify assessment of attention disorders and impulsivity level, electroencephalogram (routine and spectral analysis) (p<0.05). For the treatment of patients from the study group, the drug Cogitum was used at a dose of 10 ml of a drinking solution per day for 30 days. RESULTS: In was shown that children from the study group were characterized by a decrease in working memory (7.8±2.9 vs 14.9±5.4), a statistically significant increase in SCT scores (p<0.05), a significantly greater degree of inattention and impulsivity with a tendency to an increase in the number of errors in the second half of the TOVA test (p<0.05). Comparative analysis of EEG relative power data showed a statistically significant increase in the power of waves in the alpha and theta ranges in the fronto-central leads of both hemispheres in the group of children with organic asthenic disorder (p<0.05). When re-evaluating the condition of children after treatment, a statistically significant decrease in the manifestations of asthenia on the ASS scale was recorded in 77.5% of cases. At the same time, there was a significant improvement in attention, memory, and indicators characterizing a low cognitive pace. The results of an electroencephalographic study after a course of treatment showed a decrease in the relative power of the EEG in the theta and alpha ranges in the anterior sections of the cerebral cortex (p<0.05), which indicates an increase in the level of activation of neocortical structures. CONCLUSION: Thus, the use of the drug Cogitum for the treatment of organic asthenic disorder leads not only to a decrease in asthenia and cognitive impairment, but also to an improvement in the functional state of the brain.

[Cognitive disorders in burnout syndrome]. / Kognitivnye narusheniya pri sindrome emotsional'nogo vygoraniya.

OBJECTIVE: To study the impairment of cognitive functions in patients with different stages of the burnout syndrome (BS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 78 patients aged 25-45 years (average age 36.9±9.5 years) were examined, which at the BS stage were divided into two subgroups: Residence (51.3%, n=40) and Exhaustion (48.7%, n=38). The control group consisted of 106 practically healthy (average age 36.3±7.2 years) The following methods were used: Russian-language version of the MBI questionnaire, questionnaire to diagnose the level of emotional burnout by V.V. Boyko, questionnaire CFQ, method «Learning 10 words¼ by A.R. Luria, registration of cognitive evoked potentials (EP) in the psychophysiological visual test VCPT. RESULTS: Subjective symptoms of memory loss were in 47 patients (60.3% of the total number of patients with EBS): 17 patients (42.5%) from the subgroup Resistance and 30 patients (78.9%) from the subgroup Exhaustion. The quantitative evaluation of the subjective symptoms in the CFQ test showed a reliable increase in all patient groups (p<0.05) and especially in the subgroup Exhaustion. There was statistically reliable decrease of the P200 component in subgroup Resistence and control group in the alloys Cz (p<0.001) and Fz (p<0.001), as well as statistically reliable reduction of the P300 component in the indicated leads (Cz (p<0.001) and Pz (p<0.001)) in patients in the subgroup Resistance. Most BS patients had cognitive complaints that were more common at the Exhaustion stage. At the same time, objective cognitive impairments were detected only in patients at the stage of Exhaustion. Only the long-term memory is affected. Psychophysiological research has shown a decrease in the level of attention in both subgroups, which demonstrated an increased impairment of mental processes. CONCLUSION: Cognitive impairment in patients with BS manifests in various forms of attention, memory impairment, and performance degradation in the resistance and exhaustion phases, and can result from high asthenization.

[Cognitive disorders in children with dyscalculia]. / Kognitivnye narusheniya u detei s diskal'kuliei.

OBJECTIVE: This study was to study the features of cognitive disorders in children with dyscalculia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The main study group included 48 children aged 8 to 10 years with manifestations of dyscalculia. The control group consisted of 30 children aged 8 to 10 years without manifestations of learning disabilities and other neuropsychiatric disorders. The following research methods were used in the work: the SNAP-IY scale for assessing concomitant manifestations of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, the L.D. Malkova, «Working memory¼ technique for the quantitative assessment of working memory, TOVA computer test for the quantitative assessment of attention disorders and impulsiveness. RESULTS: The study showed that only in 4 cases (8.3%) dyscalculia was of an isolated nature, without concomitant neuropsychiatric disorders. Most often, manifestations of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were recorded in children with dyscalculia - 33 (68.8%) children and manifestations of other learning disorders (dyslexia - 27 (56.3%) children, dysgraphia - 22 (45.8%) children). In 20 (41.7%) cases, children in the study group had asthenic symptoms. When comparing the results of working memory testing in the study group, the number of correct answers was significantly lower than in the control group. Indicators of the TOVA psychophysiological test in children with dyscalculia showed a statistically significant increase in the number of inattention errors both in the first and second half of the test, compared with children from the control group. CONCLUSION: Thus, dyscalculia should be considered not only as a disorder of arithmetic skills, but also as a disorder based on multiple cognitive dysfunctions, such as working memory dysfunction, dysfunction of attention.

[Clinical and psychological manifestations of emotional burnout in mothers of children with neuropsychiatric diseases (on a model of ADHD)]. / Kliniko-psikhologicheskie proyavleniya emotsional'nogo vygoraniya u materei detei s psikhonevrologicheskimi zabolevaniyami (na modeli SDVG).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Pantogam aktiv in the treatment of clinical manifestations of burnout in mothers of children with ADHD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Under observation were 108 mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) aged 25 to 50 years, who had symptoms of burnout in the clinical picture during the initial visit. The following research methods were used in the work: clinical history taking, neurological examination, S. Maslach questionnaire for assessing the burnout manifestations, subjective asthenia rating scale (MFI-20) with five subscales, digital fatigue rating scale (10-point variant), quantitative assessment of autonomic changes (questionnaire A.M. Wein), Spielberger-Khanin Scale for assessing emotional disorders, psychophysiological study of cognitive functions: test of attention variables TOVA (the Test of Variables of Attention). For the treatment of patients, the drug Pantogam Active was used in capsules of 300 mg, at a daily dose of 900 mg (2 capsules in the morning and 1 capsule in the afternoon) for 8 weeks. RESULTS: A re-examination after a course of treatment showed improvement in 68.5% of patients. After treatment, there was a significant decrease in the severity of such indicators of burnout as emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, a significant decrease in the average values according to the A.M. Wayne, a decrease in reactive anxiety, a statistically significant improvement in attention and a decrease in impulsivity (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Thus, the results of the study indicate that the use of Pantogam active in the treatment of clinical manifestations of parental burnout is characterized by high efficiency. After treatment, there is a significant decrease in fatigue, asthenia, anxiety, and total indicators characterizing burnout. The data obtained make it possible to recommend the use of Pantogam aktiv in the treatment of clinical manifestations of parents burnout in children with neurological diseases.

[Emotional and behavioral dysregulation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]. / Narusheniya emotsional'noi i povedencheskoi regulyatsii u detei s sindromom defitsita vnimaniya s giperaktivnost'yu.

OBJECTIVE: To study disorders of emotional regulation in different types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 58 children suffering from ADHD, aged 12 to 15 years were divided into 2 subgroups (38 children with a combined form of ADHD and 20 children with ADHD with a predominance of inattention). The control group consisted of 30 children without manifestations of neuropsychiatric disorders. The following research methods were used in the work: the SNAP-IY scale to assess the severity of the disease; the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SCT), a form for parents to assess emotional and behavioral impairments; Spielberger's self-assessment test in the processing of Khanin to assess the level of anxiety; spectral analysis of the EEG with the construction of graphical power spectra and registration of evoked potentials (EP) with the performance of an attention test in the Go/No-Go paradigm. RESULTS: The results of the study showed the presence of emotional and behavioral disorders in children with ADHD, more pronounced in the combined form of the disease. Complaints of emotional lability, tearfulness, irritability were noted in 53 children with ADHD in the study group (61.6%). At the same time, these complaints were registered in 39 children from the first group (72.2%) and 14 children from the second group (43.8%). The level of inattention was approximately the same (3.21±0.64 and 3.43±0.56, respectively), while the level of hyperactivity and impulsivity in adolescents from the first group was significantly higher (3.18±0.54, p<0.01). Indicators of the SCT scale, as a total indicator (3.4±1.6, p<0.01), and on the scales of «behavior problems¼ (7.4±1.6, p<0.01), «emotional problems¼ (8.0±1.6, p<0.01), «problems with peers¼ (7.6±1.3, p<0.01), «prosocial behavior¼ (3.4±1.6, p<0.01) were significantly higher in the subgroup of children from the first group. The performed statistical analysis of the test data for attention in the Go/No-Go paradigm revealed significant differences (p<0.01) in the number of omissions of significant pairs of stimuli between healthy children and a subgroup with ADHD with a predominance of inattention, between healthy children and a subgroup with combined form ADHD. When comparing evoked EEG synchronization in the theta range under Go conditions, we found a significant decrease in this parameter in the range of 200-400 ms in the subgroup of children with ADHD with a predominance of inattention and in the subgroup of ADHD with a combined form; under No-Go conditions, a significant decrease in the magnitude of evoked EEG synchronization was revealed in a subgroup of children with combined form ADHD. CONCLUSION: In general, the results of this study allow us to conclude that impaired cognitive control has a large impact on the development of emotional disorders in children with ADHD.

[Clinical features of asthenia in the context of adjustment disorders]. / Klinicheskie osobennosti astenii v ramkakh rasstroistv adaptatsii.

OBJECTIVE: To study asthenic symptoms in patients with adjustment disorders and to assess the efficacy of cytoflavin in their treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 100 patients, aged 20 to 43 years, with a diagnosis of adjustment disorder. Clinical, neurophysiological and parametric methods were used. An asthenic state scale, the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), a digital rating scale (a 10-point variant) and the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), the Psychological Stress Measure (PSM-25), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) were administered. Cytoflavin was used in a dose of 2 tab. 2 times a day for 25 days for the treatment of patients from the study group. RESULTS: In the study group, 48.0% of patients had a pronounced degree of asthenia, and 52% had a moderate one. The clinical improvement was achieved in 73.0%. In the subgroup with moderate asthenia, the improvement was recorded in 88.5% of cases, in the subgroup of patients with severe asthenia in 56.3% of patients. There was a significant decrease in the severity of indicators on the scales of general asthenia, decreased activity and mental asthenia; a significant decrease in the integral indicator of mental tension, a significant improvement in the indicator of attention, a decrease in the frequency and intensity of headache. The improvement in the functional state of the brain in the form of a decrease in the power of the alpha rhythm in the anterior cerebral cortex was shown. CONCLUSION: The results of the study allow us to conclude that the use of cytoflavin is effective in the treatment of adjustment disorders.

[Behavioral disorders in children with specific language impairment]. / Povedencheskie narusheniya u detei s rasstroistvami rechevogo razvitiya.

OBJECTIVE: To study emotional and behavioral disorders in children with specific language impairment (SLI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group included 60 children with a diagnosis of specific expressive language impairment at the age of 4-6 years. The following methods were used to assess emotional and behavioral disorders: the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the SNAP-IV scale, and the Questionnaire created by G.P. Lavrentieva and T.M. Titarenko. To objectify the severity of speech disorders, 10-point scales were used, assessing the level of comprehension of the addressed speech, the volume of the active vocabulary and the lexico-grammatical structure of speech. The control group consisted of 30 children of the same age without psycho-neurological disorders. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Speech disorders in children are often combined with behavioral disorders (61.7%). Children with SLI have significant attention disorders, hyperactivity and difficulties in relationships with peers compared with the control group. A comparative study shows that combined SLI and behavioral disorders lead to a more severe course of speech impairment.

[Features of emotional regulation in children with anxiety disorders]. / Osobennosti emotsional'noi regulyatsii u detei s trevozhnymi rasstroistvami.

OBJECTIVE: Study of clinical and psychophysiological disorders in preschool children with anxiety disorders and assessment of the effectiveness of Anvifen in the treatment of this pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 64 children aged 5 to 7 years with a diagnosis of phobic disorder of childhood (F93.1). Clinical, pathophysiological and psychometric research methods were used in the work. Anvifen was used to treat 40 patients from the study group. Patient satisfaction with treatment outcomes was assessed using the Integrative Medicine Patient Satisfaction Scale (IMPSS). RESULTS: According to the data obtained, in the study group, 76.5% of patients had fear associated with health (infections, illness, death); in 68.6% of cases - fears of the death of parents; in 57.5% of cases - fear of the dark; in 40.6% of cases - fears of loneliness; in 31.2% of cases - fears related to the educational institution; in 28.1% - fear of animals, as well as a lower level of emotional identification and a significantly higher level of impulsivity than in the control group. Sleep disorders were recorded in 87.5% of children from the study group. After the course of treatment, an improvement in the condition was noted in 70.0% of children in the form of a decrease in anxiety, impulsivity and an improvement in falling asleep and a decrease in the number of awakenings. CONCLUSION: The use of Anvifen leads to a significant improvement in the quality of sleep and a decrease in signs of anxiety before sleep and signs of impaired quality of wakefulness, which allows us to conclude that Anvifen is effective in treating anxiety disorders in children.

[Disturbances of executive functions in children with emotional and behavioral dysregulation]. / Narusheniya upravlyayushchikh funktsii u detei s emotsional'noi i povedencheskoi disregulyatsiei.

OBJECTIVE: To study a role of executive functions in the development of organic emotionally labile (asthenic) disorder (OELD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 66 patients, aged 6 to 8 years, including 36 children with OELD and 30 children with ODD. Fatigue was assessed by parents on a 10-point digital rating scale. SNAP-IV questionnaire for evaluation of severity of behavioral disorders, the "Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire" for assessment of emotional and behavioral disorders, the anxiety test of P. Temple, M. Dorkey and V. Amen, A.R. Luria test for auditory-speech memory and the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) were used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A significantly greater severity of cognitive and emotional impairment in the group of children with OELD is identified. The data suggest that if the insufficiency of functions regulating the activation of behavior and impaired cognitive control of behavior is important in the pathogenesis of OELD, then behavioral self-regulation disorders associated with emotional reinforcement play a leading role in children with ODD.

[Cognitive disturbances in children with chronic tics and their treatment]. / Kognitivnye narusheniia u detei s khronicheskimi tikami i ikh lechenie.

AIM: To clarify the severity of cognitive disturbances in children with chronic tics and to evaluate the efficacy of cortexin as part of complex therapy in the treatment of this pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The main study group included 50 children, aged 6-8 years, with chronic motor tics. Twenty patients of these group received phenibut and 30 patients received cortexin in addition to phenibut. The comparison group consisted of 30 children with transient tics, aged 6-8 years, the control group consisted of 40 children of the same age without tics and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Clinical assessment of tick manifestations and their frequency was performed using the Tourette Syndrome Global Scale (TSGS), neurological examination, electroencephalography. Severity of asthenic and cognitive disorders was evaluated using the Subjective Asthenia Scale (MFI-20), the memorization technique by A.R. Luria and the TOVA test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Children with chronic tics show signs of asthenia, they are characterized by a higher level of inattention and significantly lower levels of long-term memory compared to children from the comparison group and the control group. The level of impulsivity in children with chronic tics is significantly higher than in the control group but significantly lower than in children in the comparison group. A comparative analysis of EEG data in children with chronic tics reveals the following significant differences from the control and comparison groups: a higher amplitude and higher values of the peak frequency of the alpha-rhythm in the posterior regions of both hemispheres, a significant increase in the alpha-range of the frontal temporal leads of both hemispheres. Complex therapy with the addition of cortexin significantly improves treatment efficacy: improvement is noted in 60,0% of patients in monotherapy and in 83.3% of patients in complex therapy.

[Impairments of cognitive control in patients with somatoform disorders and their treatment]. / Narusheniia kognitivnogo kontrolia u patsientov s somatoformnymi rasstroistvami i ikh lechenie.

AIM: To study impairments of cognitive control in patients with somatoform disorders (SD) and to evaluate the efficacy of recognan in the treatment of this pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-six patients with SD, aged from 18 to 45 years, were studied. A clinical history, neurological examination, and assessment of autonomic disorders were collected from all patients. For the objectification of the severity of asthenic and emotional disorders, the Subjective Scale of Asthenia (MFI-20), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HARS), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ were used. A quantitative assessment of impaired attention and impulsivity was performed using the psychophysiological test TOVA. Patients were treated with recognan (citicoline). The control group consisted of 30 healthy people aged from 18 to 45 years. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Patients with SD had specific characteristics of the cognitive sphere, most pronounced in the form of attention disorders. The psychological study showed the higher level of anxiety. In addition, patients with SD were characterized by the low levels of emotional intelligence and cognitive control of emotions compared with the control group. The results of the follow-up study after treatment suggest the high efficacy of recognan in the treatment of SD (improvement was noted in 67.4% of patients). A significant decrease in the severity of autonomic disorders and in indicators characterizing asthenia was established after the treatment.

[Clinical manifestations of burnout]. / Klinicheskie proiavleniia sindroma émotsional'nogo vygoraniia.

AIM: To study clinical manifestations of burnout. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 131 patients (38 men and 93 women) aged from 25 to 45 years. The control group consisted of 106 age-matched healthy people. Evaluation of the manifestations of burnout was carried out using the Boyko's questionnaire. For the objectification of the severity of asthenic disorders, the Subjective Scale of Asthenia (MFI-20) consisting of five subscales was used. Trait and state anxiety was assessed by Spilberger-Khanin test. The 10 word memory task was used to assess auditory memory. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The authors singled out several dominant syndromes in the structure of burnout: asthenic, psychovegetative, cephalic, anxious/phobic and mild cognitive impairment syndrome. Asthenic syndrome occurred most frequently in patients with burnout.

[Emotional disorders in adolescents with Tourette's syndrome and in their mothers]. / Émotsional'nye narusheniia u podrostkov s sindromom Turetta i ikh materei.

AIM: To study anxiety disorders in adolescents with Tourette syndrome (TS) and in their mothers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-seven teenagers with TS, aged from 12 to 15 years, and their mothers were included in the main group. The control group consisted of 30 healthy adolescents and their mothers. Methods and scales for assessment of anxiety were administered. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A significantly higher level of trait and state anxiety was identified in the main group compared to the controls. In addition, mothers of children with TS were characterized by a high level of alexithymia and a significantly lower integrative level of emotional intelligence compared to the control group. Thus, the results indicate the presence of severe emotional disturbances in children with TS and in their mothers.

[Comorbid cognitive impairments in children with nocturnal enuresis and their treatment]. / Komorbidnye kognitivnye narusheniia u detei s nochnym énurezom i ikh lechenie.

AIM: To study comorbid cognitive impairments in children with enuresis and assess the efficacy and safety of cerebrolysin in treatment of comorbid pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy patients, aged from 7 to 10 years, with the primary monosymtomatic form of enuresis were examined. Enuresis was assessed by the mean number of 'wet' nights per week. Neuropsychological tests were administered to measure short-term auditory-verbal and visual memory as well as SNAP-1V inattention and TOVA impulsivity. Electroencephalography was used as well. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Children with enuresis performed lower on auditory-verbal and visual memory and attention tests compared to the patients of the control group. Electroencephalography showed activation deficit and synchronized effects of thalamic structures. The high efficacy of cerebrolysin (the improvement was seen in 80% of the patients) was demonstrated.

[Syndrome of autonomic dysfunction in children and adolescents]. / Sindrom vegetativnoi disfunktsii u detei i podrostkov.

AIM: To study clinical and pathophysiological symptoms of autonomic dysfunction syndrome in children and adolescents and assess the efficacy of its treatment with nooclerin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-three patients, aged from 10 to 15 years, with autonomic dysfunction syndrome were examined. All patients underwent neurological examination, assessment with the A.M. Vein's questionnaire of autonomic disorders, the 10 point Visual Analogous scale for headache and fatigue, the Spielberger-Khanin scale for anxiety, Kerdo index, Hildebrandt's coefficient, electrocardiography with clinoorthostatic test, electroencephalography, and TOVA psychophysiological test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The signs of the asthenic-autonomic syndrome were characteristic of the clinical picture of disease. EEG results demonstrated the deficit of activation effects, predominance of synchronized effects of thalamic structures which led to the insufficient activation of cortical structures. These data support the high efficacy of nooclerin.

[Cognitive control impairment in adult with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder]. / Narusheniia kognitivnogo kontrolia pri sindrome defitsita vnimaniia u vzroslykh.

AIM: To study cognitive impairment in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and assess the efficacy of cerebrolysin in the treatment of such patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with ADHD, aged from 18 to 45 years were enrolled in the study. Along with general neurological examination, several ADHA-specific scales and tests (ASRS-V1-1, SFQ, BIS, the Emotional Intelligence Self-Evaluation, TOVA) were administered. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was a significant increase in inattention and impulsivity in comparison with the control group, which can be regarded as a decrease in cognitive control. The results of the study showed that cerebrolysin was an effective tool for improving cognitive control in adult patients with ADHD (a significant improvement was noted in 42.1% of patients, improvement in 31.6% of patients).

[Emotional impairments and their correction in patients with migraine]. / Émotsional'nye narusheniia i ikh korrektsiia u patsientov s migren'iu.

AIM: To study emotional impairments in patients with migraine and to evaluate the efficiency of Noophen therapy for this pathology. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 63 patients aged 18 to 45 years with migraine without aura were examined. 56 patients used prophylactic antimigraine therapy: Group 1 (n = 26) received metoprolol and Group 2 took metoprolol in combination with Noophen. RESULTS: The patients with migraine had a significantly higher level of alexithymia than the controls. Concomitant anxiety disorders were found in 47 (74.6%) cases. The study provided evidence that the treatment was highly effective in Group 2 that exhibited a more pronounced decrease in pain intensity, a greater reduction in the levels of anxiety, and more vital activity. CONCLUSION: The results of this study allow a conclusion that emotional impairments are implicated in the pathogenesis and clinical presentations of migraine and that it is appropriate to use Noophen for the treatment of this pathology.

[A dyad approach to the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]. / Diadnyi podkhod k lecheniyu sindroma defitsita vnimaniya c giperaktivnost'yu.

AIM: To study anxiety in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their mothers and to evaluate the efficacy of a dyad approach (simultaneous treatment of the mother and the child) to ADHD treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-four adolescents, aged 12-15 years, with ADHD and their mothers were studied. All participants of the study received anxiolytic treatment: children were treated with noophen (500 mg per day 45 days) and their mothers received adaptol (1500 mg per day 45 days). In the comparison group with the same clinical/psychological characteristics, anxiolytic therapy with noophen was used only in adolescents. RESULTS: Symptoms of anxiety were found in 61.7% of adolescents with ADHD and in 79.4% of the mothers. After the dyad therapy, an improvement was noted in 73.5% of adolescents and 69.7% of the mothers. There was an improvement in 63.3% of patients in the comparison group. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate the high efficacy of the dyad approach in treatment of ADHD with comorbid anxiety disorders.

[Efficiency of cytoflavin in the treatment of somatoform disorders]. / Issledovanie éffektivnosti tsitoflavina v lechenii somatoformnykh rasstroistv.

AIM: To study the efficacy of cytoflavin in patients with somatoform disorders (SD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 60 patients with SD, aged from 27 to 43 years. The efficacy was assessed by the results of psychological and neurophysiological examinations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The higher efficacy of cytoflavin (the improvement of patient's condition in 63,3% of cases) compared to that of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate (56,7% of cases) was found. Patient's state was more stable after treatment with cytoflavin.

[Clinical and neurophysiological heterogeneity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]. / Klinicheskaya i neirofiziologicheskaya geterogennost' sindroma defitsita vnimaniya s giperaktivnost'yu.

AIM: To determine clinical/neurophysiological characteristics of different forms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the efficacy of treatment with cerebrolysin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty children, aged 9 to 12 years, with ADHD were examined using clinical and electroencephalographic methods. Idiopathic and residual-organic forms were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The study shows significantly higher levels of impulsivity and hyperactivity in children with residual-organic form of the disease. There were significant differences in the amplitude component of engaging in action (P3 Go) and the amplitude of the action suppression component (P3 NOGO) in patients with different forms of ADHD. The high clinical efficacy (improvement in 70.0% of patients with idiopathic form of ADHD and 86.7% of patients with residual-organic form of the disease) was found.